Technology

  In early days the car machinery contained large number of hydraulic and pneumatic systems, in areas ranging from braking to steering control. However, they were rigid in nature and needed considerable labor even for the simplest of tasks.  On entering digital era, many changes have come up on this front. Automobiles of the present and future will be controlled by various sensors and actuators. These in turn would be monitored by various embedded systems or central processing hub.    They are commonly referred to as Electronic Control Unit (ECU) . Originally intended for the engine power ratio, they have branched out into areas such as braking and air bag deployment. Now a single vehicle contains 100 or more ECU each providing multiple input/output signals. Sometimes field programmable gate arrays are also used. Some main areas of interest are Air Bag Control Unit One of the most important safety features, airbags are deployed to cushion the effect of a crash. This ...

Intel i7 - Base Frequency 2.80 GHz, 4.70 GHz (Turbo Frequency) Intel i9 - Base Frequency 2.2 GHz, 5.8 GHz (Turbo Frequency)  AMD Ryzen 7 - Base Frequency 3.4 GHz, 4.6 GHz (Max Boost Clock) Whenever we shop for a laptop or home PC, we note the processor speed. The saying being more the clock speed, higher the performance . However, efficiency of a chip is determined by a range of other factors What is clock speed? The CPU (Central Processing Unit), or processor performs various arithmetic operations, at any given time. This is performed by opening and closing billions of transistors, embedded within it. That constitutes a cycle.  Simply put, clock speed is the number of cycles executed per second ,  calculated in GHz.  So, a processor having 3 GHz speed, performs 3 billion cycles per second. Higher this ratio, better the performance. At least, in paper. But there are other things in play, when looking at the overall functionality.   Multi Core processing A sing...

X86 Vs ARM A Hype?  Recently laptops powered by ARM processors have taken industry by storm. Touted as being highly power efficient, providing 18 hours backup, on as single charge. That too while running multiple program instances. Would this spell an end to the x86 architecture, where Intel and AMD rule. Or will the tables turn around? What's the Difference? Let's start with an x86 based CPU. They feature a single processing unit which can be integrated to other external peripherals like Memory, GPU etc. Here each peripheral has a separate controller, knitted together by address and data BUS. When we look at ARM all the above components (Memory, GPU) are integrated within the main chip. Known commonly as SOC (System on a Chip) . This helps in reduced footprint. But they do come with a drawback. Cannot expand by adding extra peripherals. Coming to complexity, x86 provides a simpler set up, at least for a developer. Here most of the core tasks such as Memory Read/Write, Arithmet...